Any Karma in America essays

Any Karma in America essays The idea of justice is a prominent issue for all societies. Courts have been established to censor the actions of accused persons and it has long been a major theme to be dealt with in many societies throughout history. One of the first cultures to describe the issue of justice is ancient India. By 500 B. C., the Brahman ideas had changed from centering thought on prayer to the idea of justice and philosophy. This new way of thinking on justice and love for knowledge established the idea of karma, being considered as the good or bad consequences of an action. Without including the belief of reincarnation of the early Indian society, karma will be described in terms of an individuals life before he or she dies rather than influencing the next life after death as the Indians believed. Therefore, karma will be described as an action of an individual influencing the future of that individual before his or her death. Today, the idea of karma can be considered in the life of every i ndividual in American society, but the beliefs ancient Indians exulted cannot be seen in the consequences of actions when considering the society of today. In first describing karma in ancient India, consequences in the future (or the next life in Indian beliefs) were based on the individuals present actions, exemplifying a cause and effect relationship. Good deeds would lead to a better and more prosperous life, while bad deeds would lead to a less prosperous future life. Therefore, this Indian idea of justice is based on an individual getting what he or she deserved as the result of an action, a good result with virtuous actions and a bad result with fiendish actions. One of the shortcomings of early Indias idea of karma is the absence of reasoning accounting for good things happening to bad people and bad things to good people. Another characteristic of early Indias idea of karma is that rewards and punishments work aut...

William Shakespeares Sonnet 138 Comparing love in two poems Essays

William Shakespeares Sonnet 138 Comparing love in two poems Essays William Shakespeares Sonnet 138 Comparing love in two poems Paper William Shakespeares Sonnet 138 Comparing love in two poems Paper Essay Topic: Poetry William Shakespeares Sonnet 138 is about a couple that have a very cynical relationship. The poet is saying he knows that he is old and no longer beautiful, and that she doesnt love him as much because of this, but he doesnt tell her this. Elizabeth Barrett Brownings Sonnet is a contrast to Sonnet 138 because this relationship is completely honest and open. The poet is writing about how important her lover is to her, even more important than God. Sonnet 138 written by William Shakespeare in the late 1590s, but was not published until 1609. The poem is about a man who is in a relationship with a much younger lady. Their relationship is very cynical and they are very untruthful to each other. The man knows his helper is lying to him and he thinks she doesnt realise this. The man is just as bad though, because he is also being deceitful to her. But he is happy leaving it that way. The sonnet is a Shakespearian sonnet, and is divided into 3 quatrains and a rhyming couplet. The first line of the poem gives us a faint idea of what the poem could be about, he says When my love swears that she is made of truth We know from this it is a lover telling us that his partner is promising she is truthful to him. It could also mean that the partner promises that she is virginal and pure. The writer soon makes a contradiction, because he does believe her, though I know she lies. He says that he believes her even though he knows she is lying, he could also be trying to fool himself into believing something that isnt true, so that he feels better. She might think that he is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and will believe anything she tells him, she might think me some untutord youth, She thinks this because she thinks he doesnt know about the truth, Unlearned in the worlds false subtleties backs this idea up. The next quatrain starts with the writer saying because of her lies and deception he is vainly thinking that she thinks me young, he is hoping that she really does think him young, he tries to make himself believe this, but it is hard for him since he knows that he is rather old, and she knows my days are past the best. He knows that it is obvious to her. It seems as if the man may have gave up thinking in vain as we can see from Simply I credit her false-speaking tongue he respects her for lying to make him feel better about himself, and because she lies so well. However he cannot be angry at her for lying to him, because On both sides thus is simple truth supprest. They are both lying to each other, and it would not be fair for him to blame it all on her. In the last quatrain he is wondering why she doesnt tell him that he is too old, But wherefore say not that I am old? He probably would not mind if she just went ahead and told him, but she might be afraid of the consequences. He doesnt mind the lying, he thinks loves best habit is in seeming trust, he seems to think that lying is a normal part of love and he says it is the best part of it. He could be trying to make himself believe that it is all a normal part of love so he does not feel bad. He then goes on to, in a way, disagree with himself, because he thinks age in love loves not to have years told he is saying love does not like to hear about the age difference. The rhyming couplet at the end sums up the poem, Therefore I lie with her, and she with me, can mean two things. The man lying to his wife and her lying to him, and the two still lying in bed together as a result of them not being truthful to each other and not breaking up. The last line, And in our faults by lies we flatterd be means that he is happy with the fact that they are both lying to each other, because it still makes him feel happy. Sonnet by Elizabeth Barrett Browning is very different to Shakespeares Sonnet 138 in the way that it is about a relationship based on pure everlasting love and trust, rather than dishonesty and lying to each other. Her love for her husband is so great that she compares it with her love for God, or maybe she sees him as God. She says that she loves him as much as possible, and her love for him will last forever. This is very unlike Sonnet 138 because in that it is about false love and deceptions. The poet was handicapped as a child, due to a horse riding accident; this made people think that she would be a failure, therefore being able to achieve nothing special in her life. This may have affected her, so maybe she wanted to prove them wrong. She may have started writing because of this. Then in 1845 she met and fell deeply in love with. Robert Browning, who she later married and ran away to Italy with. Meeting Robert Browning may have been another factor that affected her writing (definitely in this poem), and moving to Italy, seeing all the changes in relationships she would have seen. This is a petrarchan sonnet, divided into an octave and a sestet. The first line of the poem gives us a big clue on what the rest of the poem is about; she asks how does she love thee? then says let her count the ways. This shows she is going to list the many ways that she loves her husband, whereas in Sonnet 138 the poet is listing the faults in his relationship and the ways his partner lies to him. It also tells us there might be a lot of ways, because she has to count them. She loves him to the depth and breadth and height her soul can reach, she is saying that her love for him is so immense that it would fill up the whole universe if it were possible. Her use of all three dimensions emphasizes the feeling of everlasting, making the reader think of an infinite amount of space. The poem is given a spiritual feeling from her soul, giving a clue that the poem may be about spiritual, religious love as well. She loves him to the level of every days most quiet need, this could mean that during every little thing that she does everyday, she is thinking of him persistently by sun and candlelight. Sun and candlelight means during day and night, suggesting that she may stay awake at night think about him or dream about him. Candlelight also brings up the idea of spirituality again, because a candle is a strong Christian religious symbol. Her love for him is free and unleashed; she compares this freedom of love with men who strive for Right. Elizabeth Barrett Browning was strongly against the slave trade, and this could represent the slaves fighting with a passion for freedom. She says she loves him purely, and she compares this purity with the innocence of the slaves when they praise their gods for release. She uses all her love in her heart to love her husband and it is put to good use. Her love is pure and simple, she loves him with her childhoods faith. Children are supposed to have pure, innocent, simple minds, and she is saying that her love for him is simple, yet full of passion. The childhood aspect appears in Sonnet 138 as well, but instead meaning a childs gullibility, showing a negative feeling rather than the positive one shown in this poem. This could also mean with all the breath, smiles, tears she has lost in the past she has lost all her old griefs, which makes her love him more. She ends it with saying that she will love thee better after death. This shows the religious love again, she obviously believes in heaven, therefore God. She might also see her husband as a god. This poem is a big contrast to Sonnet 138 because the poet is exploring the idea of the lovers being in an honest relationship and their love is true and everlasting. Whereas in Sonnet 138 the poet has explored the idea of a relationship being based on lies and the lovers are not really sure if their love is true love. From analyzing and comparing these two poems, contrasts and similarities can be made. The main similarity is that the two poems are about love within a relationship. The main contrast is that Sonnet is about positive feelings towards the partner and Sonnet 138 is about negative feelings towards the partner. Sonnet uses positive language like purely, freely, and passion which show feelings and emotions of pure love, and religious imagery is used, like soul, Grace, candlelight, and praise which emphasizes the feeling of love by comparing it with her love for her religion and God. Sonnet 138 on the other hand uses language that shows negative feelings, like lies, false, unjust, and untutord. All these words show negative feelings, giving the whole poem a dark feeling to it. To summarize, Sonnet is a positive poem focusing on the positive side of love, and Sonnet 138 is a negative poem focusing on the negative side of love.

Rise and Fall of Civilizations During Pre-History to 1500 CE Research Paper

Rise and Fall of Civilizations During Pre-History to 1500 CE - Research Paper Example The current socio-political status-quo is said to be the continuation of the previous political world order. This paper aims to discuss the rise and fall of different civilizations and how the acted as a base to shape the contemporary political practices. The civilizations which have been chosen for the purpose of discussion in the paper are chosen on the basis of their impact on political contribution. Byzantine Empire Contribution to Political Diplomacy: Byzantine Empire was basically a facet of the Roman Empire during middle Ages. Likewise other civilizations, the Byzantine Empire had its own army and societal setup. Byzantine Empire had to face a number of challenges as the demise of the Roman Empire in its initial phase was noted. The era of Byzantine Empire can also be referred to an era of preservation of Roman traditions and values. The employment of diplomacy was concerned as significant in the era of Byzantine Empire. It can be said that most of the modern practices in the political diplomacy are inspired by the Byzantine Empire1. ... on made to the modern political practices of diplomacy, the Byzantine Empire ultimately led to its dissolution in the long run2 Anglo-Saxon Empire Contribution to Democracy: By going through the history of the Anglo-Saxon Empire, it becomes easy to understand that common language and the control of the ancestors on the tradition of a community can create a balance in the community. The political control was bestowed to the ancestors of the civilization as they were considered as the teachers of the forerunners. The Anglo-Saxon Empire is basically referred to the German invaders who invaded British during the 5th century. The contribution of the Anglo-Saxons on the modern political practice was their tradition of following meetings and discussion. This act of discussing any political action is considered as democratic act in the modern time. The political order in the era of Anglo-Saxons was stable and able to meet the needs of its people which ultimately led in increased loyalty from the people. It would not be incorrect to state that Anglo-Saxons could not survive for a very long period of time in Britain because they were divided into groups which fought frequently. The increased fights between these invader groups resulted in the fall of the civilization. Despite the interest of the civilization in maintaining army, Anglo-Saxons lost because of its own armed men3 Ottoman Empire Contribution to Bureaucratic Structures: Among different civilizations, Ottoman Empire is considered to be an Empire which lasted longer than any other Empire in the history. This Empire was also known as Turkish Empire which had its own supremacy in terms of monarch. The political control in the Ottoman Empire was strictly liable to the monarchs. The Empire is also known as a symbol of

Ads and Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ads and Media - Essay Example There is a dire need to include more ethnic groups in broad media and bring them to the forefront in order to give them greater opportunity in professional and other aspects. The media that is portrayed to the broader audience is usually the least ethnically diverse and covers less of their lives and there are only the stereotypical caste members. Mostly in America, during the hours in which people view television the most is the time in which very skewed caste members and limited types of shows are aired, building the perception in children from a very young age as to what constitutes an important caste and which caste is subordinate, when that should not be the case. In 1998 the role of ethnic minorities, such as African Americans, Native Americans and Hispanics actually declines when their visibility should actually have increased over the years. Narrowcasting to an ethnic minority about their group of people doesn’t make other groups aware of their potential and their life style, and doesn’t bring about the sensitization that is necessary for a harmonized media and a harmonized world (J.E. 2005)) Media just focuses on the glamor and luster; they prefer to show the downtrodden as downtrodden in broader mediums such as television and print rather than reality, because they want to carry on with the stereotypical images that were set years ago. But the world is becoming more globalized today, and different media gets across different channels and to different groups of people; therefore media should become more ethnically diverse as well. Broadcasting should be done on matters that can relate to all kinds of people and not just relating to one caste or creed. Even though most people have their own judgments, and have become to realize the true face of media, it is nevertheless the only means of communication with the mass and thus can be influential whether it portrays a good image or a bad image. And for those whose only means of news is the medi a, their life concepts would be built around what the media portrays; for example in those cultures with lesser opportunity, and only access to a television, media is all what they believe in, and if Americans are seen as being an assertive race or the Iraqis as being Taliban, animosity is built through the media by casting to a smaller audience. Ethnic media is broadcasted in some societies and it helps in preventing isolation and keeping the language and cultures alive and this helps bring about change and is essential to a healthy society. News media which caters to a broader audience, also gives a voice to members of society and so if only the majorities are represented, the minorities lose out their voice on this medium as well. It also eliminates the top down approach and connects all cultures on a horizontal plane, thus reducing ambiguity and hostility. However, even the news can create dissent among racial groups rather than community (European Research Centre on Migration a nd Ethnic Relations 2002). U.S residents get majority of their information from ethnic media. There are multilingual polls, and there is a preference among people to view ethnic media and even those who preferred mainstream media have reverted to ethnic media. However, the consumers of this media were usually minorities, so this doesn’t represent the mainstream media channels, be it television, radio or newspapers (Lalley 2005). Most sources do not believe that ethnic minorities are given adequate representation in mainstream media; and even if they are, it is inaccurate and doesn’t give a true picture. Therefore it is important that they are not only represented on this platform which will help them communicate better and

Organizational Theory Design and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Organizational Theory Design and Change - Essay Example Creativity deals with ideas going beyond the boundaries of technology, social norms, knowledge and beliefs. When these three elements combine in an organization, then creative destruction takes place in which old companies which use old conventional methods are thrown out of the competitive market and business and new industries emerge as a result. When an organization follows such strategies that encourage the entrepreneurs to utilize their creativity in developing new products or in improving the efficiency of the older ones, then they come up with new innovative ideas and hence new product with increased efficiency is introduced in the market which better address the needs of the clientele. This not only boosts the organization’s integrity but also add to its stability. Thus, these three elements are interrelated with each other and are considered to be vital for knowledge-creating organizations because such organizations needs innovation at all levels put forward by the cr eative entrepreneurs. This increases the entrepreneurs’ expertise, and guarantees the organization’s growth and increased productivity that eventually attracts clientele, results in better product outcomes, and creates good reputation in the market. Works Cited Jones, G. Organizational Theory Design and Change. NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009.

Educational System In Cambodia Education Essay

Educational System In Cambodia Education Essay Education is very important means to train and build up human resources for development of each country and it is also important for development of child as person. However, educational system in Cambodia has suffered too much during Khmer Rouge Regime from 1975 to 1979. After that period, the government has tried to improve it by cooperated and collaborated with external aid and non-governmental organization (NGOs). According to the Cambodian constitution, it states that the state shall provide free primary and secondary education to all citizens in public school. Citizens shall receive education for at least nine years. Nowadays, though the pupils have no pay the fee, they still have to spend money on other things such as stationery, textbooks, contribution fee etc. Moreover, some provinces students are asked to spent money to teacher for fee; this is the problem that prevent pupil from poor families from attending school. About a half a million Cambodian children from 6 to 11 years old have no access to school, then 50percent of those who entered grade one dropped out of school and had to repeat the class. Those problems are caused by video games, karaoke and the presence of brothel for the students in city, and for female pupils, they could not attend school because of many problems. First, parents are poor, so they cannot provide children to learn and sometime they need their children, especially the girls, to earn money to support the family. Second, the schools are located too far away from their house. Only boy can go to school at some distance from home because they have given accommodation in pagodas near the school. The last one is some parents do not understand about the important of education, so they do not allow their children to attend school. Moreover, the ministry of education has not provided adequate education for minority children. Many children cannot access to school, and there is no provision for schooling in minority languages except for classes provided by private ethic associations. Not only that, there is insufficient special education provision for disabilities children. Even though some organizations co-operated with government to provide school for those, this effort is not yet enough. Then, the quality of education in Cambodia is very poor. Some schools in urban areas have around 60 to 80 students in each class, because there are not enough class for pupils, most schools operated two shifts or three shifts per a day that affect the pupils feeling to study . Other thing is that the limited skilled of teachers reduce the quality of educational system. Technical and pedagogical training for teacher is not up to standard yet. There are many teaching methods such as child-centered learning method has been taught to some teachers; however, teachers still follow the old teaching methods. The last point is the lack of commitment of teacher because they receive a small amount of salary (about $15 to $20 per month) that lead to the low motivation for teaching. Then, they need to find others job to supplement their incomes for survival. In fact, the national government budget allocation to Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport was only 10.3% in 1997 and increase to 12% in 1998, which is still very, in particular when compared to 52% for the defense sector. The government should pay more attention because this sector is the major sector for development the country. Government should provide the high salary to teachers, and build more school all around the country, and national budget allocation for education should be increased promote and facilitate the education to minority children and provide special school for disabled children and promote education for girls, raise awareness of parents about the advantage of education. Finally, the educational system in Cambodia has faced many problems that have to solve immediately. Those problems can be affected on development for country as well. Because of that, the government needs to collaborate or cooperate with international organizations. United Nations Organization is an international organization that aim are facilitating collaboration in international law, international peace and security, human right, economics development, social progress and achieving world peace. United Nations has many specialized agencies to operating the problems of member states. Those including UNDP, UNICEF, WHO, FAO and UNESCOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.and so on. However, we only focus on three specialized agencies because these agencies are very important for development in developing countries. First, UNDP is the UN global development network. It promotes for change and connects countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people to build a better life. The specialized agency has countries offices in 166 countries, where it works with local government to meet development challenges and develop local capacity. UNDP administrator is the third highest ranking official of United Nations after the United Nations Secretary-general and Deputy Secretary-general, and its headquartered is in New York. UNDP is funded by voluntary contribution from member states. UNDP helps the countries to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). MDG is adopted by United Nations General Assembly to develop the poor countries in 2002. These priority MDGs countries are concentrated is Sub- African, Central America and Andes, Central Asia, and the part of Southeast Asia. Millennium Development Goals is related to poverty, primary education, gender equity, maternal health, child mortal ity, HIV/AIDs, malaria and other diseases, environmental sustainability and global partnerships for development. Second, UNICEF was created by United Nations General assembly on December 11, 1946 to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been destroyed by World War II. UNICEF provides long-term humanitarian and development assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. UNICEF support child health and nutrition, quality basic education for all boys and girls, access to clean water and sanitation and the protection of children from violence, exploitation and AIDs. In 1953, UNICEF became United Nations System and its name had shortened from United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund and its headquartered is in New York City. UNICEF fund is provided by voluntary contribution of government, businesses, foundations and individuals. Third, UNESCO is a specialized agency of the United Nations which established on 16 November 1945. Headquarter of organization is in Paris, with over 50 field offices and many specialized institutes and based in throughout the world. Its objectives is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international cooperation through education, culture, and science in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and the human rights along with fundamental freedoms declared in the Charter of UN. UNESCO pursues its objectives through five major programs: education, natural sciences, social sciences, culture, and communication and information. Projects sponsored by UNESCO include literacy, technical assistance, and teacher-training programs, science programs, the promotion of independent media and press freedom, regional and cultural history projects, the promotion of cultural diversity; international cooperation agreements to save the world cultural and natural herit age (World Heritage Sites) and to protect human rights, and attempts to bridge the worldwide digital divide. UNESCO in Cambodia has worked through with the local authority and NGOs. UNESCO focused on its activities through five major agendas such as education, culture, natural sciences, social and human sciences, and information and communication. First, in education, UNESCO has developed the policy and strategies for ECCE (Early Childhood Care and Education), introducing global level policy trend and innovative practices, and contributing to draft the policy on ECCE by providing advisory services. Moreover, UNESCO has improved on teacher education by providing policy framework and policy choices for developing teacher professional standards and appropriate measurement, designing incentives to motivate the teachers for better teaching and student learning, deploying qualified teachers to rural and remote areas. Then, UNSECO has focused on technical vocational education and training, HIV/AIDs prevention education, and education and planning management. As the chairs of educational sector wor king group, UNESCO has played an important role in facilitating well coordinated and professional response from the donor community to the demands of the education development and the request from government. The main partner in education of UNESCO is Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport (MoEYS). UNESCO assists MoEYS for the formulation and establishment of national education framework and policy to outreach broader populations. A number of education policy are formulated with technical support from UNESCO and other development partners including: National Non- Formal Education Policy, the National Plan of Action for Non- Formal Education, the policy on School Health and policy on Education for Children with Disabilities, and National ICT (Information and Communication for Technology) policy and strategy. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the international development goal which focus on eight problems such as eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universal education, promote gender equality and empower women, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, combat HIV/AIDs and other diseases, ensure environmental sustainability, and develop a global partnership for development. However, in Cambodia, because of recognizing the major constraint to development is the continued contamination of mines and explosive remnants of war, the Royal Government of Cambodia added the de-mining and victims assistance as the ninth major development goal. Then, on the topic of the second goal of CMDGs, it is mention about Achieve Universal Nine-year basic Education that took root of the Education for all by ensure that all children will complete primary schooling by 2010 and Nine-year basic schooling by 2015. UNICEF in Cambodia has provided de-worming tablet to 95 percent of children in primary school. Moreover, UNICEF has supported the financial assistance for the salary of community preschool teacher in order to improve the preschool to all children. According governments statistics, the pre-primary school enrollment rate of Cambodians five year old in school year 2006-2007 was 27.7% including state, community, home-based, and preschool classes. Then, Cambodian government and UNICEF official maintain that early childhood development program have proved over and over that preschool encourages on time enrollment in primary school and improve academic performance. In sum up, those organizations are important for improving or promoting the all sector in Cambodia, especially in educational sector which is important sector for development. However, the government should contribute to promoting as well, so our country will achieve all goals early. Since you focused on the roles and frameworks of MDGs, UNICEF, UNESCO, you have known that those frameworks are suitable for improving the education in Cambodia. However, do these agencies and government can promise that they will improve or promote education well as they expect? According to the statistic from reports, the primary school projects have been complete successfully. In 2000, there are around 85% to 86% of children from urban area can attend school, and for the children in rural area, there are approximately 82% to 83% go to school, but the children living in the remote area can attend school only 60% to 63%. From one year to year, the numbers of attending school from those three areas are increasing gradually. In fact, in 2009, in remote area the children attend school about 90.3%. Surprisingly, the urban children which had the figure higher than others do not increasing dramatically as the rural area in 2000. Rural areas children go to school much more than the urban areas children, is 95% and 92.2%. Nevertheless, projects to promoting the secondary school is seem failed because the target of project predicted that about 65.3% in 2009 for the children attending secondary school, but in reality, there are only 31.9 for students attending school. By the way, gender disparities in primary school have been eliminated and regional disparities have also been eradicated. Then, the proportion of 6-14 years old out of school is stagnating. Based on the data from CMDGs, the flow of the line of graph is smooth from 1997 until 2003, but in 2004 the figures of the data is increasing from 18.7% to 19.81%. Nonetheless, the expected target is only 14.4% in 2008 for the out of school students, so it seems not go beyond as expectation. Literacy rates of 15 to 24 years old; therefore, in 1998 there is around 82%of literacy. CMDGs expected that in 2009, there would be about 92.1% for literacy, but in actual, there is around 87.47% for literacy because the line of the graph was increasing slowly. In sum up, education in Cambodia become better than before. Even so, those agencies need to improve or promote more because as you known, the education is the important sector for develop country. Then, in case education in Cambodia does not good, how could Cambodia improve or develop country well? After you have understood about the roles and frameworks, effect of the agencies, you can say that though they could not achieve all goals as setting, but they could improve or promote the education in Cambodia. As you can see, educational system in Cambodia has suffered too much during Khmer Rouge Regime from 1975 to 1979. After that period, the government has tried to improve it by cooperated and collaborated with external aid and non-governmental organization (NGOs). About a half a million Cambodian children from 6 to 11 years old have no access to school, then 50% of those who entered grade one dropped out of school and had to repeat the class. Those problems are caused by video games, karaoke and the presence of brothel for the students in city, and for female pupils, they could not attend school because of many problems. Due to these problems, the Cambodian government tries to pay attention on education systems because as mentioned before, education is very important means to train and build up human resources for development of each country and it is also important for development of child as person. If Cambodian people poor at the knowledge, how could Cambodia has been developed to become the strong country as the neighboring countries. Moreover, the IOs (International organizations) also pay attention on education sector as well. They try to encourage and collaborate with Cambodian government to improving the education systems. As mentioned, According to the Cambodian constitution, it states that the state shall provide free primary and secondary education to all citizens in public school. Citizens shall receive education for at least nine years. Then, IOs have also contributed to improvement as well. First, UNESCO has improved on teacher education by providing policy framework and policy choices for developing teacher professional standards and appropriate measurement, designing incentives to motivate the teachers for better teaching and student learning, deploying qualified teachers to rural and remote areas. Moreover, UNESCO has played an important role in facilitating well coordinated and professional response from the donor community to the demands of the education development and the request from government. Second, CDMGs is mention about Achieve Universal Nine-year basic Education that took root of the Education for all by ensures that all children will complete primary schooling by 2010 and Nine-year basic schooling by 2015. Third, UNICEF has supported the financial assistance for the salary of community preschool teacher in order to improve the preschool to all children. According governments statistics, the pre-primary school enrollment rate of Cambodians five year old i n school year 2006-2007 was 27.7% including state, community, home-based, and preschool classes. Then, Cambodian government and UNICEF official preserve that early childhood development program have proved over and over that preschool encourages on time enrollment in primary school and improve academic performance. In conclusion, some problems the state could not deal with by herself, so she needs the assistance from NGOs, IGOs, and so on. However, in case the states do not pay attention with those problems, the solution still cannot meet. As Cambodia, because the government and specialized agencies try to cooperate each other, the education system seem improve a little by a little. In my opinion, in future, Cambodia will decrease the rate of illiteracy from time to time.

The Rise and Fall of a Peasant Essay -- Scarface Oliver Stone Films Mo

The Rise and Fall of a Peasant The film Scarface, produced by Martin Bregman, written by Oliver Stone and directed by Brian DePalma, is a story of an immigrant’s life. The main character, Antonio Montana, who is played by Al Pacino, comes to the United States from Cuba in May 1980 as a political prisoner. Montana arrives in Miami, Florida with nothing and has to find a way to survive. As an alien to the country, Montana can not find a honest job that pays enough money for him to live off of. He is a very confident and intelligent man, and when he begins to sell drugs, there is no stopping him. In only a few years, Montana is a multimillionaire and loving life. Although Scarface comes off as a film only meant to glorify a drug lord, it’s actual purpose is to show how a man from the ghetto moves up in society, yet creates his own downfall. Tony has quite strong ethics, although it might not seem so. Ethos is demonstrated many times during the film. He believes firmly in loyalty, honesty, principles and family. Tony looks after his sister Gina throughout the whole film and has an unconditional love for her. He tells the truth all of the time, whether or not it is a good idea to do so. When he is talking to his Columbian cocaine distributor, Mr. Sosa, Montana says, â€Å"all [he has] in this world [are his] balls and [his] word, and [he] don’t break ‘em for no one† (14). Later in the film, when Montana is in trouble with the IRS and DEA, he makes a deal with Sosa that if he kills a talk show host, who has been doing specials on the cocaine industry, then Sosa will get rid of Tony’s problem with the IRS and DEA. For this reason Montana goes to New York City and places an explosive device under the host’s car. When the... ... killed. Scarface is an attention seeking film. There is not a scene in the film that does not keep the viewer’s attention. It starts out having the viewer feel sorry for Montana and wanting him to succeed, even though he is a drug dealer. When he does succeed and his way of living begins to show it also, the viewer feels a sense of joy for Tony and think that he deserves to be happy. Tony then gets too comfortable with being on top and feels that he can be on top of the whole world if he only tries to get it. At the end of the film, when Tony is breaking down and his time is ticking away, the viewer feels sympathy for Tony again, and wants him to make it out alive. However, that does not happen. Tony gets killed and the story of Scarface ends there. The viewer feels a connection with Tony Montana all throughout his rise and fall as a man from the ghetto.